In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old.
In Primary school and First school children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary school (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary school.
When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G.C.S.E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or “level” (Ordinary level). After that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.
Some parents choose private schools for their children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities.
In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally universities award two kinds of degrees: the Bachelor’s degree and the Master’s degree.
British Literature
Great Britain gave the world a lot of talented people. Many famous writers and poets were born and lived in Great Britain.
One of the best known English playwrights William Shakespeare. He draw ideas for his tragedies and comedies from the history of England and ancient Rome. Many experts consider William Shakespeare the greatest writer and playwright in the English language. William Shakespeare wrote 37 plays which may be divided into: comedies (such as “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”), tragedies (such as “Hamlet”, “Othello”, “King Lear”, “Macbeth”) and historical plays (such as “Richard II”, “Henry Caesar”, “Antony and Cleopatra”).
Robert Burns represents the generation of Romantic writers. In his poems he described with love and understanding the simple life he knew. Among his well-known poems are “Halloween”, “The Jolly Beggars”, “To a Mouse”.
Lord George Byron. His free-spirited life combined with his rare poetic gift makes him one of the most famous works such as “Stanzas to Augusta”, “The Prisoner of Chillon”, “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”, “Manfred” draw readers into the passion, humors and conviction of a poet whose life and truly embodied the Romantic spirit.
Sir Walter Scott wrote the first examples of historical novel.
Lewis Carroll became famous when he published “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”.
Used literature
- Berejnaya O.A., Kubarkov G.L., Kurilenko Yu.V., Timoshuk V.A. 1500 Sbornik novih tem sovremennogo angliyskogo yazika. Rostov-na-Donu: ООО, Izdatelstvo “BARO –PRESS”, 2013. -672 str.
“Tillar” kafedrasi katta o’qituvchisi
Faxriddin Yernazarov
